Ancient Egypt Predynastic Period (5500-3100 BCE)

The Predynastic Period of Ancient Egypt corresponds to the Late Neolithic (Stone Age) and covers the cultural and social changes which occurred between the late Palaeolithic period (hunter-gatherers) and the early Pharaonic era (the Early Dynastic Period). During the Predynastic Period, Egyptians developed a written language (centuries before writing was developed in Mesopotamia) and institutionalized religion. They developed a settled, agricultural civilization along the fertile, dark soils (Kemet or black lands) of the Nile (which involved the revolutionary use of the plough) during a period in which Northern Africa was becoming arider and the edges of the Western (and Saharan) desert (the deshret or red lands) spread. Although archaeologists know that writing first emerged during the Predynastic Period, very few examples still exist today. What is known about the period comes from the remains of its art and architecture. Phases of the Predynastic Period The Predynastic Period is divided into four separate phases: the Early Predynastic, which ranges from the 6th to 5th millennium BCE (approximately 5500-4000 BCE); the Old Predynastic, which ranges from 4500 to 3500 BCE (the time overlap is due to diversity along the length of the Nile); the Middle Predynastic, which roughly goes from 3500-3200 BCE; and the Late Predynastic, which takes us up to the First Dynasty at around 3100 BCE. The reducing size of the phases can be taken as an example of how social and scientific development was accelerating. The Early Predynastic is otherwise known as the Badrian Phase — named for the el-Badari region, and the Hammamia site in particular, of Upper Egypt. The equivalent Lower Egypt sites are found at Fayum (the Fayum A encampments) which are considered to be the first agricultural settlements in Egypt, and at Merimda Beni Salama. During this phase, the Egyptians began making pottery, often with quite sophisticated designs (a fine polished red wear with blackened tops), and constructing tombs from mud brick. Corpses were merely wrapped in animal hides. The Old Predynastic is also known as the Amratian or Naqada I Phase — named for the Naqada site found near the center of the huge bend in the Nile, north of Luxor. A number of cemeteries have been discovered in Upper Egypt, as well as a rectangular house at Hierakonpolis, and further examples of clay pottery — most notably terra cotta sculptures. In Lower Egypt, similar cemeteries and structures have been excavated at Merimda Beni Salama and at el-Omari (south of Cairo). The Middle Predynastic is also known as the Gerzean Phase — named for Darb el-Gerza on the Nile to the east of Fayum in Lower Egypt. It is also known as the Naqada II Phase for similar sites in Upper Egypt once again found around Naqada. Of particular importance is a Gerzean religious structure, a temple, found at Hierakonpolis which had early examples of Egyptian tomb painting. Pottery from this phase is often decorated with depictions of birds and animals as well as more abstract symbols for gods. The tombs are often quite substantial, with several chambers built out of mud bricks. The Late Predynastic, which blends into the first Dynastic Period, is also known as the Protodynistic phase. Egypts population had grown considerably and there were substantial communities along the Nile which were politically and economically aware of each other. Goods were exchanged and a common language was spoken. It was during this phase that the process of wider political agglomeration began (archaeologists keep pushing back the date as more discoveries are made) and the more successful communities extended their spheres of influence to include nearby settlements. The process led to the development of two distinct kingdoms of Upper and Lower Egypt, the ​Nile Valley and Nile Delta areas respectively.

Communication, Leadership, And Leadership - 1936 Words

Communication in Leadership Contents Introduction 1 Transformational Leadership 3 Transactional Leadership 3 Laissez-Faire Leadership 4 Servant Leadership 5 Level 5 Leadership 6 Conclusion 7 References 8 Introduction Effective communication can be considered an art as much as a science. There are of course many best practices that one can study to improve their ability to communicate. However, it can be difficult to distinguish different success factors responsible for effective communication various individual scenarios. For example, it is often hard to determine what went right or wrong in any given conversation. However, at the same time, effective communication is generally cited as one of the most important critical†¦show more content†¦The number of different theories serves as evidence of the level of complexity that is inherent in the concept of leadership. Despite this complexity, virtually every leadership model states that effective communication is among the most important success factors. This analysis will select different leadership models and compare and contrast how these models view effective communications. Competing theories include such perspectives as trait theory, situational theory, behavioral theory, competencies theory, network theory of leadership and many more. This analysis will consider transformational leadership, transactional leadership, servant leadership, and â€Å"Level 5† leadership to attempt to identify any differences and similarities in the ways these theories include effective communication in their theories. Transformational Leadership Transformational leadership has been called one of the most effective among the various theories of leadership (Judge Bono, 2000). Transformational leaders are able to encourage their teams to reach their full potential by setting challenging expectations which into turn leads to the team achieve higher performances (Bass, 1999). Transformational leaders are also commonly associated with change and change management because they are able to inspire people to overcome their

Internet Marketing of Charity Water-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Internet Marketing of Charity Water. Answer: Earlier Campaign and Response of people The non-profit organization Charity Water had made a page on Face book in which they had highlighted about their contribution in the arena of sustainable, community-owned water projects throughout the world. They made use of the page to talk about how their team ensures that every dollar is accounted for and reports are sent back to the donors who have contributed essentially to the organization ("Clean Water Projects" 2017). People who were on Face book could like and share their page that would help people to know about their non-profit organization. Many people came to know about Charity Water and they donated large amount of sum in order to ensure that the water crisis occurring in the rural areas are reduced. Use of Twitter and role of social media in fund-raising Twitter was used in the marketing campaign that would help in marketing the brand of the Charity Water. The business story can be communicated to common people with the help of twitter. People are provided information with the help of which they can reach the NGO. The web address can also be shared with the community and blog can be supplied to them. A Twitter Landing page can provide additional information that are of interest. Social media can help the people who are interested in providing fund for the non-profit organisation. A Just Giving account will help in receiving the funds. Text Giving is an ideal method by the help of which small donations can be given. This can be included in the profile or a message can be sent ("How To Use Twitter For Fundraising Knowhow Nonprofit" 2017). Role of corporate world for Charity Water The Charity Water has partners like Concern Worldwide, Clear Cambodia, Rescue, Water for People and We Consult that work together in ensuring that clean water is brought to people who are in need of it ("Our Partners In The Field | Charity: Water" 2017). The organizations have a community-centered approach which has greatly benefitted the NGO named Charity Water. References: "Clean Water Projects". 2017.Charitywater.Org. https://www.charitywater.org/projects/. "How To Use Twitter For Fundraising Knowhow Nonprofit". 2017.Knowhownonprofit.Org. https://knowhownonprofit.org/how-to/how-to-use-twitter-for-fundraising. "Our Partners In The Field | Charity: Water". 2017.Charitywater.Org. https://www.charitywater.org/our-approach/local-partners/.

Dont Just Look In Its Eyes A Creative Story Essay Example For Students

Dont Just Look In Its Eyes A Creative Story Essay ONE DAY BEHINDThe snow blinded his vision. The crosshairs aimed at the subject, hefired, and missed. The deer, or whatever animal it was, ran off into a seaof snow. He said nothing. The old hunter was getting too ancient for thisgame. He decided to finish up for the day. He had already caught two snowrabbits, a small partridge and some kind of mink. Not bad he thought. What is that? Solomon rose from his crouched position to survey hisprey. A standing animal? Was it a standing bear? Or was it a tree? No,it had walked off, seeing the look on the olds man face. The day is not done. those words sealed his fate. Nothing wouldstop his hunting. I must be about a day behind him. he thought aloud. He strode offinto the sea of the snow. Is there a moment when the line between the hunter and the huntedsnaps taut?That moment when I realize Ive got him and he realizes hes dead?YES! First theres the dance, the slow teasing chase, the furtiveglances, the glimpses of your prey, and his wild frantic glances back. Andthen the tug of war, of spirits, of wills, of endurance. The wire of tension draws tight. Like and umbilical cord, the hunterhas bonded with his prey, forever, bonded by the life and death chase. The fuse of life burns shorter, bringing the hunter closer, close, andthen the final intimacy of the kill!Does the dumb beast know its fate? Can he guess its fate? Can he sensehis fate shadowing him, silently, stealthily?He pondered his ideas and saw some tracks. HALF A DAY BEHINDI wonder what his flesh will taste like. Will it be tough? Will itbee.. AAAAACK! Solomon gripped his hand on an icy branch. A snowcapped tree had covered the pit layed before him, a trap by the animalwhich he was following. He did nothing. He waited, patiently. Beast, I will, I will get you. and he froze. FIVE DAYS BEHINDHe gripped the ice, slipped, and cursed. He had been stuck in thishole for four, maybe five days now, according to the suns. How long morewill he be in here?He tapped the ice with a small arrow. An idea! Forcing the arrow inthe ice, more and more, until several large footholds stood in front ofhim. and my anxiety is gone.Beast, Solomon will get you.The blowing snow almost, almost, covered the beasts tracks. Unlikeany I have ever seen, whispered the old man. His bones ached with thecold, a cold he had seen before. West, west his mind told him. He tuggedeast. Soon after, he rested and cut up a rabbit, slowly letting the blooddrip into the wind to carry the scent. By now he was about five daysbehind still, after his ordeal of climbing out. The beast was a smart one. and I am smarter.An owl howled in the distance. STILL FIVE DAYS BEHINDMore tracks! This time bending north. He went west. He could cutoff this beast. The digestion of the rabbit was slow, the heart was theslowest. He rested to look for tracks, and check the suns. A half moonschange until he could catch up to the beast. I WILL GET YOU!!!!!!! Solomon screamed into the wind. He gibbereduncontrollably, then stopped. FOUR DAYS BEHINDThe beast was a smart one. Double tracks he saw. The first led west,the second went east. The wind went west, blowing the dirty smell of asoon to be dead beast to him. He went east. .u50d470bb435206754ee0d7cacb61a484 , .u50d470bb435206754ee0d7cacb61a484 .postImageUrl , .u50d470bb435206754ee0d7cacb61a484 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u50d470bb435206754ee0d7cacb61a484 , .u50d470bb435206754ee0d7cacb61a484:hover , .u50d470bb435206754ee0d7cacb61a484:visited , .u50d470bb435206754ee0d7cacb61a484:active { border:0!important; } .u50d470bb435206754ee0d7cacb61a484 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u50d470bb435206754ee0d7cacb61a484 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u50d470bb435206754ee0d7cacb61a484:active , .u50d470bb435206754ee0d7cacb61a484:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u50d470bb435206754ee0d7cacb61a484 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u50d470bb435206754ee0d7cacb61a484 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u50d470bb435206754ee0d7cacb61a484 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u50d470bb435206754ee0d7cacb61a484 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u50d470bb435206754ee0d7cacb61a484:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u50d470bb435206754ee0d7cacb61a484 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u50d470bb435206754ee0d7cacb61a484 .u50d470bb435206754ee0d7cacb61a484-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u50d470bb435206754ee0d7cacb61a484:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Giver EssayYour smell does not throw me off, your tricks do not fool me, I wasonce an animal, and I still am. Solomon cried in his heart and walked off. THREE DAYS BEHINDA dumb, deaf beast has done this to me again. The dumb, deaf, slybeast has done this to him again. The hole is colder now, he thought. Nowthe footholds will not help him. Arrows will not help him. Nothing willhelp him. The dumb deaf beast has done this to him. Maybe the beast will show up he thought, and he drifted off to sleep. He woke up with a sound, and a thud. An armful of snow