Ancient Egypt Predynastic Period (5500-3100 BCE)

The Predynastic Period of Ancient Egypt corresponds to the Late Neolithic (Stone Age) and covers the cultural and social changes which occurred between the late Palaeolithic period (hunter-gatherers) and the early Pharaonic era (the Early Dynastic Period). During the Predynastic Period, Egyptians developed a written language (centuries before writing was developed in Mesopotamia) and institutionalized religion. They developed a settled, agricultural civilization along the fertile, dark soils (Kemet or black lands) of the Nile (which involved the revolutionary use of the plough) during a period in which Northern Africa was becoming arider and the edges of the Western (and Saharan) desert (the deshret or red lands) spread. Although archaeologists know that writing first emerged during the Predynastic Period, very few examples still exist today. What is known about the period comes from the remains of its art and architecture. Phases of the Predynastic Period The Predynastic Period is divided into four separate phases: the Early Predynastic, which ranges from the 6th to 5th millennium BCE (approximately 5500-4000 BCE); the Old Predynastic, which ranges from 4500 to 3500 BCE (the time overlap is due to diversity along the length of the Nile); the Middle Predynastic, which roughly goes from 3500-3200 BCE; and the Late Predynastic, which takes us up to the First Dynasty at around 3100 BCE. The reducing size of the phases can be taken as an example of how social and scientific development was accelerating. The Early Predynastic is otherwise known as the Badrian Phase — named for the el-Badari region, and the Hammamia site in particular, of Upper Egypt. The equivalent Lower Egypt sites are found at Fayum (the Fayum A encampments) which are considered to be the first agricultural settlements in Egypt, and at Merimda Beni Salama. During this phase, the Egyptians began making pottery, often with quite sophisticated designs (a fine polished red wear with blackened tops), and constructing tombs from mud brick. Corpses were merely wrapped in animal hides. The Old Predynastic is also known as the Amratian or Naqada I Phase — named for the Naqada site found near the center of the huge bend in the Nile, north of Luxor. A number of cemeteries have been discovered in Upper Egypt, as well as a rectangular house at Hierakonpolis, and further examples of clay pottery — most notably terra cotta sculptures. In Lower Egypt, similar cemeteries and structures have been excavated at Merimda Beni Salama and at el-Omari (south of Cairo). The Middle Predynastic is also known as the Gerzean Phase — named for Darb el-Gerza on the Nile to the east of Fayum in Lower Egypt. It is also known as the Naqada II Phase for similar sites in Upper Egypt once again found around Naqada. Of particular importance is a Gerzean religious structure, a temple, found at Hierakonpolis which had early examples of Egyptian tomb painting. Pottery from this phase is often decorated with depictions of birds and animals as well as more abstract symbols for gods. The tombs are often quite substantial, with several chambers built out of mud bricks. The Late Predynastic, which blends into the first Dynastic Period, is also known as the Protodynistic phase. Egypts population had grown considerably and there were substantial communities along the Nile which were politically and economically aware of each other. Goods were exchanged and a common language was spoken. It was during this phase that the process of wider political agglomeration began (archaeologists keep pushing back the date as more discoveries are made) and the more successful communities extended their spheres of influence to include nearby settlements. The process led to the development of two distinct kingdoms of Upper and Lower Egypt, the ​Nile Valley and Nile Delta areas respectively.

Communication, Leadership, And Leadership - 1936 Words

Communication in Leadership Contents Introduction 1 Transformational Leadership 3 Transactional Leadership 3 Laissez-Faire Leadership 4 Servant Leadership 5 Level 5 Leadership 6 Conclusion 7 References 8 Introduction Effective communication can be considered an art as much as a science. There are of course many best practices that one can study to improve their ability to communicate. However, it can be difficult to distinguish different success factors responsible for effective communication various individual scenarios. For example, it is often hard to determine what went right or wrong in any given conversation. However, at the same time, effective communication is generally cited as one of the most important critical†¦show more content†¦The number of different theories serves as evidence of the level of complexity that is inherent in the concept of leadership. Despite this complexity, virtually every leadership model states that effective communication is among the most important success factors. This analysis will select different leadership models and compare and contrast how these models view effective communications. Competing theories include such perspectives as trait theory, situational theory, behavioral theory, competencies theory, network theory of leadership and many more. This analysis will consider transformational leadership, transactional leadership, servant leadership, and â€Å"Level 5† leadership to attempt to identify any differences and similarities in the ways these theories include effective communication in their theories. Transformational Leadership Transformational leadership has been called one of the most effective among the various theories of leadership (Judge Bono, 2000). Transformational leaders are able to encourage their teams to reach their full potential by setting challenging expectations which into turn leads to the team achieve higher performances (Bass, 1999). Transformational leaders are also commonly associated with change and change management because they are able to inspire people to overcome their

Internet Marketing of Charity Water-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Internet Marketing of Charity Water. Answer: Earlier Campaign and Response of people The non-profit organization Charity Water had made a page on Face book in which they had highlighted about their contribution in the arena of sustainable, community-owned water projects throughout the world. They made use of the page to talk about how their team ensures that every dollar is accounted for and reports are sent back to the donors who have contributed essentially to the organization ("Clean Water Projects" 2017). People who were on Face book could like and share their page that would help people to know about their non-profit organization. Many people came to know about Charity Water and they donated large amount of sum in order to ensure that the water crisis occurring in the rural areas are reduced. Use of Twitter and role of social media in fund-raising Twitter was used in the marketing campaign that would help in marketing the brand of the Charity Water. The business story can be communicated to common people with the help of twitter. People are provided information with the help of which they can reach the NGO. The web address can also be shared with the community and blog can be supplied to them. A Twitter Landing page can provide additional information that are of interest. Social media can help the people who are interested in providing fund for the non-profit organisation. A Just Giving account will help in receiving the funds. Text Giving is an ideal method by the help of which small donations can be given. This can be included in the profile or a message can be sent ("How To Use Twitter For Fundraising Knowhow Nonprofit" 2017). Role of corporate world for Charity Water The Charity Water has partners like Concern Worldwide, Clear Cambodia, Rescue, Water for People and We Consult that work together in ensuring that clean water is brought to people who are in need of it ("Our Partners In The Field | Charity: Water" 2017). The organizations have a community-centered approach which has greatly benefitted the NGO named Charity Water. References: "Clean Water Projects". 2017.Charitywater.Org. https://www.charitywater.org/projects/. "How To Use Twitter For Fundraising Knowhow Nonprofit". 2017.Knowhownonprofit.Org. https://knowhownonprofit.org/how-to/how-to-use-twitter-for-fundraising. "Our Partners In The Field | Charity: Water". 2017.Charitywater.Org. https://www.charitywater.org/our-approach/local-partners/.

Dont Just Look In Its Eyes A Creative Story Essay Example For Students

Dont Just Look In Its Eyes A Creative Story Essay ONE DAY BEHINDThe snow blinded his vision. The crosshairs aimed at the subject, hefired, and missed. The deer, or whatever animal it was, ran off into a seaof snow. He said nothing. The old hunter was getting too ancient for thisgame. He decided to finish up for the day. He had already caught two snowrabbits, a small partridge and some kind of mink. Not bad he thought. What is that? Solomon rose from his crouched position to survey hisprey. A standing animal? Was it a standing bear? Or was it a tree? No,it had walked off, seeing the look on the olds man face. The day is not done. those words sealed his fate. Nothing wouldstop his hunting. I must be about a day behind him. he thought aloud. He strode offinto the sea of the snow. Is there a moment when the line between the hunter and the huntedsnaps taut?That moment when I realize Ive got him and he realizes hes dead?YES! First theres the dance, the slow teasing chase, the furtiveglances, the glimpses of your prey, and his wild frantic glances back. Andthen the tug of war, of spirits, of wills, of endurance. The wire of tension draws tight. Like and umbilical cord, the hunterhas bonded with his prey, forever, bonded by the life and death chase. The fuse of life burns shorter, bringing the hunter closer, close, andthen the final intimacy of the kill!Does the dumb beast know its fate? Can he guess its fate? Can he sensehis fate shadowing him, silently, stealthily?He pondered his ideas and saw some tracks. HALF A DAY BEHINDI wonder what his flesh will taste like. Will it be tough? Will itbee.. AAAAACK! Solomon gripped his hand on an icy branch. A snowcapped tree had covered the pit layed before him, a trap by the animalwhich he was following. He did nothing. He waited, patiently. Beast, I will, I will get you. and he froze. FIVE DAYS BEHINDHe gripped the ice, slipped, and cursed. He had been stuck in thishole for four, maybe five days now, according to the suns. How long morewill he be in here?He tapped the ice with a small arrow. An idea! Forcing the arrow inthe ice, more and more, until several large footholds stood in front ofhim. and my anxiety is gone.Beast, Solomon will get you.The blowing snow almost, almost, covered the beasts tracks. Unlikeany I have ever seen, whispered the old man. His bones ached with thecold, a cold he had seen before. West, west his mind told him. He tuggedeast. Soon after, he rested and cut up a rabbit, slowly letting the blooddrip into the wind to carry the scent. By now he was about five daysbehind still, after his ordeal of climbing out. The beast was a smart one. and I am smarter.An owl howled in the distance. STILL FIVE DAYS BEHINDMore tracks! This time bending north. He went west. He could cutoff this beast. The digestion of the rabbit was slow, the heart was theslowest. He rested to look for tracks, and check the suns. A half moonschange until he could catch up to the beast. I WILL GET YOU!!!!!!! Solomon screamed into the wind. He gibbereduncontrollably, then stopped. FOUR DAYS BEHINDThe beast was a smart one. Double tracks he saw. The first led west,the second went east. The wind went west, blowing the dirty smell of asoon to be dead beast to him. He went east. .u50d470bb435206754ee0d7cacb61a484 , .u50d470bb435206754ee0d7cacb61a484 .postImageUrl , .u50d470bb435206754ee0d7cacb61a484 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u50d470bb435206754ee0d7cacb61a484 , .u50d470bb435206754ee0d7cacb61a484:hover , .u50d470bb435206754ee0d7cacb61a484:visited , .u50d470bb435206754ee0d7cacb61a484:active { border:0!important; } .u50d470bb435206754ee0d7cacb61a484 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u50d470bb435206754ee0d7cacb61a484 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u50d470bb435206754ee0d7cacb61a484:active , .u50d470bb435206754ee0d7cacb61a484:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u50d470bb435206754ee0d7cacb61a484 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u50d470bb435206754ee0d7cacb61a484 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u50d470bb435206754ee0d7cacb61a484 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u50d470bb435206754ee0d7cacb61a484 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u50d470bb435206754ee0d7cacb61a484:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u50d470bb435206754ee0d7cacb61a484 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u50d470bb435206754ee0d7cacb61a484 .u50d470bb435206754ee0d7cacb61a484-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u50d470bb435206754ee0d7cacb61a484:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Giver EssayYour smell does not throw me off, your tricks do not fool me, I wasonce an animal, and I still am. Solomon cried in his heart and walked off. THREE DAYS BEHINDA dumb, deaf beast has done this to me again. The dumb, deaf, slybeast has done this to him again. The hole is colder now, he thought. Nowthe footholds will not help him. Arrows will not help him. Nothing willhelp him. The dumb deaf beast has done this to him. Maybe the beast will show up he thought, and he drifted off to sleep. He woke up with a sound, and a thud. An armful of snow

Life of James Mcbride Essay Example

Life of James Mcbride Paper McBride, a young colored man deals with growing up and having a white mother. James McBride always realized that his mother was different from his friends mothers, but he never understood why. He would always ask his mother why she was different but she would Just reply that all people are the same. He never knew anything about the background of his mother because she never talked about it and he was afraid to ask. She would ride her old bicycle in an all black neighborhood that was run by the black panthers. James was scared for his mother because even though he was young at the time, he knew what was going on. I think that this book was an impressive view on how twelve young colored children reacted towards having a white mother during the civil rights movement. James McBride was the youngest of his twelve siblings. His father died before he was born and his mother remarried soon after. He could always tell that his mother was unlike his friends mothers. When I asked her If she was white, shed say, No. Im light-skinned, and change the subject gall(McBride, 21 When James was round the age of twelve, his step-father bought his mother an old beat-up bicycle. She would ride it all around the town and James friends would always ask him why his mother looked so different. Along with being tantalizing, Sesames family was impoverished. One washcloth was used by all. A solitary toothbrush would five sets of teeth and gums. (McBride, 68). The family remained as one. Even though young James was curious about his mother and life in general, it didnt hold him back from asking questions. We will write a custom essay sample on Life of James Mcbride specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Life of James Mcbride specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Life of James Mcbride specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer He asked things such as what color was Jesus? and who am l? And where did you come from mommy? . His mother always avoided the questions by answering them by saying Jesus is all the colors and You are who you are and l came from where everyone else came from. (McBride, 12-13). His mother did not want him to discuss their family with anyone else. You stick to your brothers and sisters, thats It. Dont tell nobody your business neither! (McBride, 12-13) As James was growing up, he developed many different feelings. He survived through the civil rights movement with a white mother, he completed high school ND moved onto college, and he found out the truth about his mother. He found out that his mother had a name besides mother. l had never heard that name before. Even in recounting what little she had told me of her life, Mommy had never referred to herself as Rachel. (McBride, 207). He also found out that his mother was Jewish and she was born in Poland. After James graduated from high school he attended Oberlin College and then got his masters degree in Journalism from Colombia university. When James was in college his mother was diagnosed with cancer. 01 ad a little bump on my face and she made me see this fancy doctor. Now I goat wear this dumb hat all the time. It makes me look Like a rooster. (McBride, 260). James grew In many ways from this experience. All of his life he has had his mother there to lean on and care for. As soon as she was diagnosed he realized he had to start living Nils own Tie Dye enamels. He recognizer Nils mother as a notable woman. All of her twelve children grew up to be happy and successful. Mommys children are extraordinary people, most of them leaders in their own right. AY of them had doted more mental baggage and dealt with more hardship than they care to remember, yet they carry themselves with a giant measure of dignity, humility, and humor (McBride, 277). All of them had grown up to be doctors, chemists, teachers, and writers. James views his life as a suffering with the outcome of having his dreams come true. We sat up for many n ights listening to me recite my dreams but in reality of the hard days that followed. (McBride, 291). He views his mother as a paramount woman. She taught her children that God and their educations came before anything. This theory made them succeed. Thats money if your mind is empty? (McBride, 9). Sesames family was the first thing on his mind always. He felt that his life has been fulfilled in every way. He was living in a time of revolution. When he was younger, his mother meant the most to him, he felt no matter how old he was he could protect her Just as she had protected him. It frightened the hell out of me. I thought to myself, These people will kill Mommy. (McBride,27). Overall James thinks that his younger, poor life lead up to his older, wealthier life. I think that this book was a great analysis on how a destitute black family with a white mother succeeded through a revolution. The organization of the book was efficient. The first chapter was about the mothers background and the second was about Sesames life. Then the chapters alternated with his mothers and then his throughout the book. I think that this was a good way to establish chapters because it was easier to appreciate the book. This book discussed Just about every aspect of James whole life up until he wrote the book. It was a great touching story. I think that this book was an impressive view on how twelve young colored children reacted towards having a white mother during the civil rights movement. I think that this book was a great analysis on how a destitute black family with a white mother succeeded through a revolution. This book would be great for a person with an open mind and a person who would want to read a touching story on a mans life. You need a great outlook on life to appreciate this story the way that the author wants you to. I would recommend it to almost everyone.

Create an Internet Shortcut (.URL) File Using Delphi

Create an Internet Shortcut (.URL) File Using Delphi Unlike regular .LNK shortcuts (that point to a document or an application), Internet Shortcuts point to a URL (web document). Heres how to create a .URL file, or  Internet Shortcut, using Delphi. The Internet Shortcut object is used to create shortcuts to Internet sites or web documents. Internet shortcuts are diverse from regular shortcuts (which contain data in a binary file) that point to a document or an application. Such text files with a .URL extension have their content in INI file format. The easiest way to look inside a .URL file is to open it inside Notepad. The content (in its simplest form) of an Internet Shortcut could look like this: [InternetShortcut] URLhttp://delphi.about.com As you can see, .URL files have an INI file format. The URL represents the address location of the page to load. It must specify a fully qualifying URL with the format protocol://server/page.. Simple Delphi Function to Create an .URL File You can easily programmatically create an Internet shortcut if you have the URL of the page to which you want to link. When double-clicked, the default browser is launched and displays the site (or a web document) associated with the shortcut. Heres a simple Delphi function to create a .URL file. The CreateInterentShortcut procedure creates a URL shortcut file with the provided file name (FileName parameter) for the given URL (LocationURL), overwriting any existing Internet Shortcut with the same name. uses IniFiles;...procedure CreateInternetShortcut(const FileName, LocationURL : string) ;begin   Ã‚  with TIniFile.Create(FileName) do   Ã‚  try   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  WriteString(   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  InternetShortcut,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  URL,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  LocationURL) ;   Ã‚  finally   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Free;  Ã‚  end;end; (*CreateInterentShortcut*) Heres a sample usage: //create an .URL file named About Delphi Programming //in the root folder of the C drive //let it point to http://delphi.about.com CreateInterentShortcut(c:\About Delphi Programming.URL , http://delphi.about.com ) ; A few notes: You could save a web page as MHT (web archive) and then create a .URL shortcut to be able to access an offline version of a web document.You must provide a full file name, along with the .URL extension, for the FileName parameter.If you already have an Internet Shortcut you are interested in, you can easily extract the URL from an Internet Shortcut (.url) file. Specifying the .URL Icon One of the neater features of the .URL file format is that you can change the shortcuts associated icon. By default the .URL will carry the icon of the default browser. If you want to change the icon, you only have to add two additional fields to the .URL file, as in: [InternetShortcut] URLhttp://delphi.about.com IconIndex0 IconFileC:\MyFolder\MyDelphiProgram.exe The IconIndex and IconFile fields let you specify the icon for the .URL shortcut. The IconFile could point to your applications exe file (IconIndex is the index of the icon as a resource inside the exe). Internet Shortcut to Open a Regular Document or an Application Being called an Internet Shortcut, a .URL file format does not permit you to use it for something else- such as a standard application shortcut. Note that the URL field must be specified in the protocol://server/page format. For example, you could create an Internet Shortcut icon on the Desktop that points to your programs exe file. You only need to specify the file:/// for the protocol. When you double click on such a .URL file, your application will be executed. Heres an example of such an Internet Shortcut: [InternetShortcut] URL file:///c:\MyApps\MySuperDelphiProgram.exe IconIndex 0 IconFile C:\MyFolder\MyDelphiProgram.exe Heres a procedure that places an Internet Shortcut on the Desktop, the shortcut points to the *current* application. You can use this code to create a shortcut to your program: uses IniFiles, ShlObj;...function GetDesktopPath: string;//get the location of the Desktop foldervar   Ã‚  DesktopPidl: PItemIDList;   Ã‚  DesktopPath: array [0..MAX_PATH] of Char;begin   Ã‚  SHGetSpecialFolderLocation(0, CSIDL_DESKTOP, DesktopPidl) ;   Ã‚  SHGetPathFromIDList(DesktopPidl, DesktopPath) ;   Ã‚  Result : IncludeTrailingPathDelimiter(DesktopPath) ; end; (*GetDesktopPath*) procedure CreateSelfShortcut;const   Ã‚  FileProtocol file:///; var   Ã‚  ShortcutTitle : string;begin   Ã‚  ShortcutTitle : Application.Title .URL;   Ã‚  with TIniFile.Create(GetDesktopPath ShortcutTitle) do   Ã‚  try   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  WriteString(   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  InternetShortcut,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  URL,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  FileProtocol Application.ExeName) ;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  WriteString(   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  InternetShortcut,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  IconIndex,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0) ;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  WriteString(   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  InternetShortcut,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  IconFile,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Application.ExeName) ;   Ã‚  finally   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Free;   Ã‚  end;end; (*CreateSelfShortcut*) Note: simply call CreateSelfShortcut to create a shortcut to your program on the Desktop. When to Use .URL Those handy .URL files will be useful for virtually every project. When you create a setup for your applications, include a .URL shortcut inside the Start menu- let users have the most convenient way to visit your website for updates, examples, or help files.

Employee Reward Systems Presentation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Employee Reward Systems Presentation - Essay Example Many reward systems exist in the workplace, and they may reflect the organization of the staff, or the type of work. For instance, at the University of Virginia's Department of Athletics as well as at the Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology, employees can nominate each other for a particular award. In these cases, efficient teamwork and group leadership are assets that contribute to the award. This type of recognition can be particularly surprising and exciting for workers. Nomination-based reward systems can promote a friendly atmosphere, but unfortunately, this system may become more like a popularity contest. In other companies, such as the State of New Mexico Human Services Department, specific criteria must be fulfilled for the award to be given. These companies are organized differently, and particular tasks can qualify a worker to achieve a higher rank in the company. These reward systems are appreciated by employees that prefer to know exactly what they must do to move ahead in the company. In general, straightforward reward systems are more highly regarded by employees because they promote structure in the workplace and a defined sense of purpose. The actual rewards can be many things, from a monetary bonus or gift certificate, to a hand-written note of recognition and approval from a supervisor.